Pediatrics 17. Bagaimana mengetahui anak menderita ADHD?

 

Ilustrasi: Kembang Begonia

Diagnosis of ADHD is based on criteria in the guidelines in the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5). A child is diagnosed with ADHD if she/he has six or more of inattention behaviors or symptoms and/or six or more of the hyperactivity and impulsivity behaviors or symptoms. The symptoms must be present for at least 6 months, in two or more setting (such as home, school, other activities) and create negative effects in academic and social. Several symptoms were present before age 12 years.

The symptoms characteristic of inattention and symptoms characteristic of hyperactivity and impulsivity:

Inattention:

•          Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
•          Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
•          Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
•          Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork.
•          Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities.
•          Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
•          Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books).
•          Is often easily distracted
•          Is often forgetful in daily activities.

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:

•          Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
•          Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
•          Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate.
•          Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
•          Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”.
•          Often talks excessively.
•          Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
•          Often has trouble waiting their turn.
•          Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)

(Source: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html)